Davrot at 16:44, 17 October 2025

2025-10-17T16:44:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, 17 October 2025
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	~~== The goal ==~~
	Matrices alone are useless. We need some math functions to act upon them.		Matrices alone are useless. We need some math functions to act upon them.

Davrot: Created page with "== The goal == Matrices alone are useless. We need some math functions to act upon them. Questions to [mailto:davrot@uni-bremen.de David Rotermund] '''I will focus on the important ones. Those will get a link.''' == [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#trigonometric-functions Trigonometric functions] == {| class="wikitable" |[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html#numpy.sin sin](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …]) |T..."

2025-10-17T12:56:41Z

Created page with "== The goal == Matrices alone are useless. We need some math functions to act upon them. Questions to [mailto:davrot@uni-bremen.de David Rotermund] '''I will focus on the important ones. Those will get a link.''' == [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#trigonometric-functions Trigonometric functions] == {| class="wikitable" |[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html#numpy.sin sin](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …]) |T..."

New page

== The goal ==
Matrices alone are useless. We need some math functions to act upon them.

Questions to [mailto:davrot@uni-bremen.de David Rotermund]

'''I will focus on the important ones. Those will get a link.'''

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#trigonometric-functions Trigonometric functions] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html#numpy.sin sin](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Trigonometric sine, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html#numpy.cos cos](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Cosine element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.tan.html#numpy.tan tan](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Compute tangent element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.arcsin.html#numpy.arcsin arcsin](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Inverse sine, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.arccos.html#numpy.arccos arccos](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Trigonometric inverse cosine, element-wise.
|-
|arctan(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Trigonometric inverse tangent, element-wise.
|-
|hypot(x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Given the “legs” of a right triangle, return its hypotenuse.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.arctan2.html#numpy.arctan2 arctan2](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Element-wise arc tangent of x1/x2 choosing the quadrant correctly.
|-
|degrees(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Convert angles from radians to degrees.
|-
|radians(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Convert angles from degrees to radians.
|-
|unwrap(p[, discont, axis, period])
|Unwrap by taking the complement of large deltas with respect to the period.
|-
|deg2rad(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Convert angles from degrees to radians.
|-
|rad2deg(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Convert angles from radians to degrees.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#hyperbolic-functions Hyperbolic functions] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|sinh(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Hyperbolic sine, element-wise.
|-
|cosh(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Hyperbolic cosine, element-wise.
|-
|tanh(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Compute hyperbolic tangent element-wise.
|-
|arcsinh(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Inverse hyperbolic sine element-wise.
|-
|arccosh(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Inverse hyperbolic cosine, element-wise.
|-
|arctanh(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Inverse hyperbolic tangent element-wise.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#rounding Rounding] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.round.html#numpy.round round](a[, decimals, out])
|Evenly round to the given number of decimals.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.around.html#numpy.around around](a[, decimals, out])
|Round an array to the given number of decimals.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.rint.html#numpy.rint rint](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Round elements of the array to the nearest integer.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.fix.html#numpy.fix fix](x[, out])
|Round to nearest integer towards zero.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.floor.html#numpy.floor floor](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the floor of the input, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ceil.html#numpy.ceil ceil](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the ceiling of the input, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.trunc.html#numpy.trunc trunc](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the truncated value of the input, element-wise.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#sums-products-differences Sums, products, differences] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.prod.html#numpy.prod prod](a[, axis, dtype, out, keepdims, …])
|Return the product of array elements over a given axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sum.html#numpy.sum sum](a[, axis, dtype, out, keepdims, …])
|Sum of array elements over a given axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nanprod.html#numpy.nanprod nanprod](a[, axis, dtype, out, keepdims, …])
|Return the product of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as ones.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nansum.html#numpy.nansum nansum](a[, axis, dtype, out, keepdims, …])
|Return the sum of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as zero.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cumprod.html#numpy.cumprod cumprod](a[, axis, dtype, out])
|Return the cumulative product of elements along a given axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cumsum.html#numpy.cumsum cumsum](a[, axis, dtype, out])
|Return the cumulative sum of the elements along a given axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nancumprod.html#numpy.nancumprod nancumprod](a[, axis, dtype, out])
|Return the cumulative product of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as one.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nancumsum.html#numpy.nancumsum nancumsum](a[, axis, dtype, out])
|Return the cumulative sum of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as zero.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.diff.html#numpy.diff diff](a[, n, axis, prepend, append])
|Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis.
|-
|ediff1d(ary[, to_end, to_begin])
|The differences between consecutive elements of an array.
|-
|gradient(f, *varargs[, axis, edge_order])
|Return the gradient of an N-dimensional array.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cross.html#numpy.cross cross](a, b[, axisa, axisb, axisc, axis])
|Return the cross product of two (arrays of) vectors.
|-
|trapz(y[, x, dx, axis])
|Integrate along the given axis using the composite trapezoidal rule.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#exponents-and-logarithms Exponents and logarithms] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.exp.html#numpy.exp exp](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Calculate the exponential of all elements in the input array.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.expm1.html#numpy.expm1 expm1](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Calculate exp(x) - 1 for all elements in the array.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.exp2.html#numpy.exp2 exp2](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Calculate 2**p for all p in the input array.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.log.html#numpy.log log](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Natural logarithm, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.log10.html#numpy.log10 log10](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the base 10 logarithm of the input array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.log2.html#numpy.log2 log2](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Base-2 logarithm of x.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.log1p.html#numpy.log1p log1p](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the natural logarithm of one plus the input array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.logaddexp.html#numpy.logaddexp logaddexp](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Logarithm of the sum of exponentiations of the inputs.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.logaddexp2.html#numpy.logaddexp2 logaddexp2](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Logarithm of the sum of exponentiations of the inputs in base-2.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#other-special-functions Other special functions] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|i0(x)
|Modified Bessel function of the first kind, order 0.
|-
|sinc(x)
|Return the normalized sinc function.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#floating-point-routines Floating point routines] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|signbit(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Returns element-wise True where signbit is set (less than zero).
|-
|copysign(x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Change the sign of x1 to that of x2, element-wise.
|-
|frexp(x[, out1, out2], / [[, out, where, …])
|Decompose the elements of x into mantissa and twos exponent.
|-
|ldexp(x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Returns x1 * 2**x2, element-wise.
|-
|nextafter(x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Return the next floating-point value after x1 towards x2, element-wise.
|-
|spacing(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the distance between x and the nearest adjacent number.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#rational-routines Rational routines] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|lcm(x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|<nowiki>x1| and |x2|</nowiki>
|-
|gcd(x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|<nowiki>x1| and |x2|</nowiki>
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#arithmetic-operations Arithmetic operations] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.add.html#numpy.add add](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Add arguments element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.reciprocal.html#numpy.reciprocal reciprocal](x, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Return the reciprocal of the argument, element-wise.
|-
|positive(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Numerical positive, element-wise.
|-
|negative(x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Numerical negative, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.multiply.html#numpy.multiply multiply](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Multiply arguments element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.divide.html#numpy.divide divide](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Divide arguments element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.power.html#numpy.power power](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|First array elements raised to powers from second array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.subtract.html#numpy.subtract subtract](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Subtract arguments, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.true_divide.html#numpy.true_divide true_divide](x1, x2, /[, out, where, …])
|Divide arguments element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.floor_divide.html#numpy.floor_divide floor_divide](x1, x2, /[, out, where, …])
|Return the largest integer smaller or equal to the division of the inputs.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.float_power.html#numpy.float_power float_power](x1, x2, /[, out, where, …])
|First array elements raised to powers from second array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.fmod.html#numpy.fmod fmod](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Returns the element-wise remainder of division.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.mod.html#numpy.mod mod](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Returns the element-wise remainder of division.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.modf.html#numpy.modf modf](x[, out1, out2], / [[, out, where, …])
|Return the fractional and integral parts of an array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.remainder.html#numpy.remainder remainder](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Returns the element-wise remainder of division.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.divmod.html#numpy.divmod divmod](x1, x2[, out1, out2], / [[, out, …])
|Return element-wise quotient and remainder simultaneously.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#handling-complex-numbers Handling complex numbers] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.angle.html#numpy.angle angle](z[, deg])
|Return the angle of the complex argument.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.real.html#numpy.real real](val)
|Return the real part of the complex argument.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.imag.html#numpy.imag imag](val)
|Return the imaginary part of the complex argument.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.conj.html#numpy.conj conj](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the complex conjugate, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.conjugate.html#numpy.conjugate conjugate](x, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Return the complex conjugate, element-wise.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#extrema-finding Extrema Finding] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.maximum.html#numpy.maximum maximum](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Element-wise maximum of array elements.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.max.html#numpy.max max](a[, axis, out, keepdims, initial, where])
|Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.amax.html#numpy.amax amax](a[, axis, out, keepdims, initial, where])
|Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.fmax.html#numpy.fmax fmax](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Element-wise maximum of array elements.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nanmax.html#numpy.nanmax nanmax](a[, axis, out, keepdims, initial, where])
|Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis, ignoring any NaNs.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.minimum.html#numpy.minimum minimum](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Element-wise minimum of array elements.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.min.html#numpy.min min](a[, axis, out, keepdims, initial, where])
|Return the minimum of an array or minimum along an axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.amin.html#numpy.amin amin](a[, axis, out, keepdims, initial, where])
|Return the minimum of an array or minimum along an axis.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.fmin.html#numpy.fmin fmin](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Element-wise minimum of array elements.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nanmin.html#numpy.nanmin nanmin](a[, axis, out, keepdims, initial, where])
|Return minimum of an array or minimum along an axis, ignoring any NaNs.
|}

== [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.math.html#miscellaneous Miscellaneous] ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.convolve.html#numpy.convolve convolve](a, v[, mode])
|Returns the discrete, linear convolution of two one-dimensional sequences.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.clip.html#numpy.clip clip](a, a_min, a_max[, out])
|Clip (limit) the values in an array.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sqrt.html#numpy.sqrt sqrt](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the non-negative square-root of an array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cbrt.html#numpy.cbrt cbrt](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the cube-root of an array, element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.square.html#numpy.square square](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Return the element-wise square of the input.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.absolute.html#numpy.absolute absolute](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Calculate the absolute value element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.fabs.html#numpy.fabs fabs](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Compute the absolute values element-wise.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sign.html#numpy.sign sign](x, /[, out, where, casting, order, …])
|Returns an element-wise indication of the sign of a number.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.heaviside.html#numpy.heaviside heaviside](x1, x2, /[, out, where, casting, …])
|Compute the Heaviside step function.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.nan_to_num.html#numpy.nan_to_num nan_to_num](x[, copy, nan, posinf, neginf])
|Replace NaN with zero and infinity with large finite numbers (default behaviour) or with the numbers defined by the user using the nan, posinf and/or neginf keywords.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.real_if_close.html#numpy.real_if_close real_if_close](a[, tol])
|If input is complex with all imaginary parts close to zero, return real parts.
|-
|[https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.interp.html#numpy.interp interp](x, xp, fp[, left, right, period])
|One-dimensional linear interpolation for monotonically increasing sample points.
|}

Math functions - Revision history

Davrot at 16:44, 17 October 2025